API RP 2027:2002 pdf download

API RP 2027:2002 pdf download.lgnition Hazards and Safe Work Practices for Abrasive Blasting of Atmospheric Storage Tanks in Hydrocarbon Service.
Class II liquid: A hydrocarbon liquid having a closed cup flash point equal to or greater than 100°F (37.8°C) and less than 140°F (60°C).
Class Ill liquid: A hydrocarbon liquid having a closed cup flash point equal to or above 140°F (60°C).
3.2.6 confined space: Any tank or space that ,neeis all three of the following requirements is a confined space:
(I) Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work, and
(2) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks and vessels, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry or exit), and
(3) Is not designed for or meant to be continuously occupied by employees.
permit-required confined space: A tank (confined space) that meets all three of the confined space requirements and also has one or more of the following four characteristics:
(1) Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.
(2) Contains a material with the potential to engulf an entrant.
(3) Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could become trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by floors that slope downward, tapering to smaller cross-sections.
(4) Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.
non-permit required confined space: A non-permit required confined space is a tank (confined space) that meets all three of the confined space characteristics but has been checked. inspected and its atmosphere tested by a qualified person who assures that it does not have (or does not have the potential to have) any of the characteristics required for the space to be classified as a permit required confined space.
non-confined space: A tank (space) that does not meet any of the preceding requirements for a confined space and has been classified as a non-confined space following the employer’s confined space program requirements. A non-confined space may also be a space that was previously classified as a permit required confined space or a non-permit required confined space and which no longer meets any of the requirements for either a permit required confined space or a non-permit required confined space. Note: An example of a non-confined space would be the roof of an open-top (external) floating roof tank that is (1) within 5 feet (1.5 meters) of the rim of the tank; (2) has been tested by a qualified person and found to be vapor, gas and toxic substances free: (3) has unrestricted egress and (4) the criteria for being classified as a non-confined space have been specified in the employer’s confined space program).
3.2.7 deposits: See residue.
3.2.8 employer: Any owner, operator, contractor or subcontractor whose respective employees are performing a task or activity described in this recommended practice.
3.2.9 empty: A tank that has no (measurable) product remaining in the tank. (Note: An empty tank may still contain a heel or pocket of hydrocarbon liquid or residue that has the potential to produce flammable or toxic vapors).
3.2.10 entry: The action by which an entrant passes through an opening into a confined space or enters upon a floating roof classified as a permit required or non-permit required confined space.
3.2.11 entry permit (confined space): The written or printed document that provides the site information, potential hazards and work specific information necessary to control and authorize entry into a permit-required confined space.
3.2.12 explosive (flammable) range: The range of concentrations of flammable vapor-in-air, between the lower explosive (flammable) limit (LEL) and the upper explosive (flammable) limit (UEL) that will propagate flame if ignited.
lower explosive (flammable) limit (LEL): The minimum concentration (expressed as a volume percentage) of a vapor-in-air below which propagation of flame does not occur on contact with an ignition source.
3.2.13 flash point: The minimum empcrature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air. Flash point is a direct measure of a liquid’s volatility (vaporization) and flash point temperatures are lowered as atmospheric pressure is reduced.