API RP 2201:2003 pdf download
API RP 2201:2003 pdf download.Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical lndustries.
3.5 exposure limit: For chemical agents are a measure of the maximum airborne concentration limits for toxic substances to which workers may be exposed without protection (for example, respirators). Exposure limits are usually expressed in parts per million or milligrams per cubic meter for a defined period of time. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) from the manufacturer or supplier of the material should list exposure limits.
3.6 hot tapping: The technique of attaching a mechanical or welded branch fitting to piping or equipment in service, and creating an opening in that piping or equipment by drilling or cutting a portion of the piping or equipment within the attached fitting.
3.7 hot work: An operation that can produce heat from flame, spark or other source of ignition with sufficient energy to ignite flammable vapors, gases, or dust. Hot work includes suchthings as electric arc and gas welding, chipping, flaming, grinding, cutting, abrasive blasting, brazing and soldering. Special procedures and permits are required when hot work is to be perfbrrned in certain areas. (Appendix D of ANSI Z49,l lists more than 90 welding and allied processes that can qualify as bbhot work”).
3.8 hydrogen blister: Bulge in steel caused by high pressure molecular hydrogen trapped at an internal flaw within steel.
3.9 IDLH: The NIOSH traditional definition is the maximum concentration of an air contaminant from which one could escape within 30 mm. without a respirator and without experiencing any escape-impairing or irreversible health effects.
3.10 inerting: The process of eliminating the potential for
a flammable atmosphere by using an inert gas such as nitrogen. carbon dioxide or steam (water vapor) to displace oxygen required for ignition.
3.11 lockout: The placement of a lockout device on an energy isolating device, in accordance with an established procedure, ensuring that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled cannot be operated until the lockout device is removed” (from OSHA 1910.147).
3.12 lockout/tagout: Use of either a lockout or tagout procedure conforming to OSHA 19 10.147.
3.13 lower flammable limit (LFL): The minimum concentration of a vapor in air (or other oxidant) below which propagation of flame does not occur on contact with an ignition source. The lower flammable limit is usually expressed as a volume percentage of the vapor in air. Sometimes called Lower Explosive Limit (LEL).
3.14 particulate: Inhalable materials considered by ACGIH to he hazardous when deposited anywhere in the respiratory tract.
3.15 permissible exposure limits (PELs): Federal workplace chemical exposure regulations set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. U.S. Department of Labor, and found at 29 Code of Federal Regu/ations 1910. 1000 and in the substance-specific standards which follow.
3.16 permit: A written document authorizing a work activity and defining the conditions under which the work shall be conducted. Normally signed by both the recipient and an issuing competent person with authority to allow the activity to take place.
3.17 personal protective equipment (PPE): Equipment (such as protective clothing, respiratory devices, protective shields or barriers) worn or used by individuals to protect eyes, face, head and extremities.
3.18 qualified person: A person designated by the employer who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or by extensive knowledge, training and experience, has successfully demonstrated ability to identify and solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project and, when required, is properly licensed in accordance with federal, state, or local laws and regulations. (see 1.5.2)
3.19 risk: The probability of exposure to a hazard which could result in harm to personnel, the environment or general public.
3.20 risk assessment: The identification and analysis, either qualitative or quantitative, of the likelihood and outcome of specific events or scenarios with judgements of probability and consequences.
3.21 risk-based analysis: A review of potential needs based on a risk assessment.
3.22 tagout: The placement of a tagout device on an energy isolating device, in accordance with an established procedure, to indicate that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled may not he operated until the tagout device is removed.
