API st 582:2001 pdf download

API st 582:2001 pdf download.Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries.
4 General Welding Requirements
4.1 Structural (non pressure boundary) welding requirements shall comply with either AWS Dl.! or AWS Dl .6. When approved by the purchaser (engineer) welding procedures may be qualified per ASME Section IX.
4.2 Pre-qualitied welding procedures per AWS DI .1 and D1.6 are acceptable for structural welding.
4.3 All welding procedure specifications (WPS’s) and procedure qualification records (PQR’s) shall be submitted to the purchaser for review and approval prior to the start of fabrication or construction unless submittal is waived by the purchaser. Weld maps, similar guides or fabrication drawings which clearly identify the application of each WPS, indicating where and how these WPS’s will be used, shall he included in the submittal.
5 Welding Processes
5.1 ACCEPTABLE WELDING PROCESSES
Acceptable welding processes are:
a. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW).
h. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Pulsed GTAW (GTAW-P).
c. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) for the following transfer modes:
i. Spray (GMAW-Sp).
ii. Short Circuiting (GMAW-S).
iii. Pulsed (GMAW-P).
iv. Globular (GMAW-G).
d. Submerged Arc Welding (SAW).
e. Electrogas Welding (EGW).
f. Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW).
g. Plasma Arc Welding (PAW).
h. Other welding processes approved by the purchaser.
5.2 LIMITATIONS OF FUSION WELDING PROCESSES
The fusion welding processes listed in 5.1 are acceptable with restrictions and comments contained in 5.2.
5.2.1 Automatic Pulsed Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW-P)
When used for root pass welding of single-sided joints, welding shall be performed with the same make and model of welding system using the same equipment and/or program settings as those used in the procedure qualifications.
commentary: The need to specify the make and model, program, equipment settings and pulse waveform is based upon the effects these variables have on welding arc performance, especially sidewall fusion and out-of-position welding. Studies have shown considerable variation in arc characteristics when one make or model of welding system is compared to another. This variation can lead to welding defects, some of which may be very difficult to detect by radiography.
5.2.2 Short Circuiting Gas Metal Arc Welding (G MAW-S)
The use of GMAW-S shall be limited to the following conditions:
a. The process shall not be used for branch connections or socket welds.
h. For vertical welding, the root pass and second pass progression for a material of any thickness may be either uphill or downhill.
c. The tIll and cap pass for butt or fillet welds may be welded with this process provided the thickness of any member does not exceed /8 in. (9.5 mm) and vertical welding is performed with uphill progression.
5.2.3 Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW-P)
GMAW-P may be used for any material thickness in any position.
Commentary: Whenever the welding system is changed or the settings on existing equipment significantly altered, the fabricator should verify weld properties. The extent of verification or testing should be as agreed between the purchaser and fabricator.
5.2.4 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
5.2.4.1 Self-shielding FCAW (FCAW-S) may be used only for welding carbon steel structural items. The following guidelines and restrictions apply:
a. Electrode types identified by the consumable manufacturer for multipass application should be used.
h. Only electrode classifications which have specified minimum impact test requirements should be used.
c. FCAW-S shall not be used with other welding processes without qualifying the specific combination.
5.2.4.2 FCAW with external gas shielding (FCAW-G) may be used for either groove or fillet welds for pressure boundary or structural welding.
5.2.4.3 For procedures requiring either impact or hardness testing, weld metal properties should be reviewed with the consumable manufacturer to ensure the original qualified properties continue to be met.