ASME PTC 31-2011 pdf download
ASME PTC 31-2011 pdf download.High-Purity Water Treatment Systems.
with materials that can include various fibers, activated carbon, powdered ion exchange resins, or mixtures of those materials. The precoat material is replaced every service cycle.
flux: measure of the rate at which the permeate passes through the membrane per unit area of membrane, for example, gal/ft2/dav (gfd).
freeboard: in certain ion exchange units and granular media filters, the space provided between the medial water interface and the water! collector / distributor to allow for expansion of the resin or media bed during backwashing, commonly expressed dimensionally or as a percentage of media depth.
free mineral acidity (FMA): amount of acidity present in water when leakage is subtracted from TMA; FMA = TMA — leakage.
hardness: scale-forming and lather-inhibiting quail ties possessed by water, high in calcium and magnesium ions.
hardness, permanent: caused by the presence of calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and the chlorides of these two metals that cannot be removed by boiling.
hardness, temporary: caused by the presence of magnesium or calcium bicarbonate; referred to as temporary because the hardness may be removed by boiling the water to convert the bicarbonates to the insoluble carbonates.
hardness, total: numeric sum of the hardness ions calcium and magnesium, both expressed as calcium carbonate (CaCO3), that is used to determine work loading in simple ion exchange softening.
hardness, total acidified: numeric sum of the hardness ions calcium and magnesium, both expressed as calcium carbonate (CaCO1), in a sample that has been acidified to dissolve unreacted lime carryover in the effluent of lime softening processes.
hardness as calcium carbonate: expression ascribed to the value obtained when the hardness-forming salts are calculated in terms of equivalent quantities of calcium carbonate, a convenient method of reducing all salts to a common basis for comparison.
hollozv fiber modules: membrane material spun into hollow, hair-like fibers 200 im diameter or less.
hybrid systems (ED!, EDR): may combine elements of both ion exchange and membrane technologies, which will typically consist of all equipment, including service vessels, media, all piping, pumps, valves, controls, and instrumentation.
hydrogen cycle: operation of a cation exchange cycle wherein the removal of specified cations from the influent water is accomplished by exchange with an equivalent amount of hydrogen ion from the exchange material.
in fluent: liquid, solid, or gaseous material being introduced into a process; in this Code, untreated or partially treated water introduced for processing into an ion exchange system.
inside out: term used in cartridge and membrane filtration to describe flow path of liquid from internal passage to the outside.
in situ: see regeneration (in place, in situ)
ion exchange: reversible process by which ions are interchanged between a solid and a liquid with no substantial structural changes of the solid.
10,1 exchange capacity (operating): portion of the total ion exchange capacity of an ion exchange resin bed that can be achieved in a practical ion exchange operation. Commonly expressed in kilograms per cubic foot (kgr/1t3) or equivalents per liter (eq/La).
ion exchange capacity (volume): also referred to as total exchange capacity (TEC) or wet volume capacity, it is the theoretical number of exchangeable ions per unit volume or weight of resin. The TEC can only he attained by a total and complete regeneration that is not employed in practice due to the prohibitive regenerant costs that would be required. TEC is typically expressed in terms of kilograms capacity per cubic foot (kgr/ft3) of resin material.
ion exchange capacity (weight basis): also referred to as dry volume capacity, the number of milliequivalents of exchangeable ions per dry gram of ion exchange material in its standard form.
ion exchange material: insoluble solid that has the ability’ to exchange reversibly certain ions in its structure or attached to its surface as functional groups with ions in a surrounding medium.
ion exchange resin: synthetic organic ion exchange material, usually in spherical form. (See also anion exchange and cation exchange materials.)
ion exchange resin — powdered: finely divided particles of crushed ion exchange resin beads used as a disposable precoat filter material in condensate purification systems.
ion exchange systems: typically consist of all equipment, including service vessels, ion exchange resins, all piping, pumps, valves, controls, and instrumentation and may be designed for
(a) in-place resin regeneration that is performed in the service vessel.
