IEC 61291-5-2:2002 pdf download

IEC 61291-5-2:2002 pdf download.Optical amplifiers -Part 5-2: Qualification specifications – Reliability qualification for opticalfibre amplifiers.
4 Reliability requirements
4.1 DemonstratIon of product quality
This International Standard (where required by the DS) gives the minimum mandatory requirements to assess reliability of an OFA device or subsystem and is intended to be part of a total OFA reliability qualification and quality assurance procedure adopted by:
• the OFAM.
Moreover, it gives guidance on the quality assurance procedures to be adopted by:
• the SS,
• the SO,
and on the feedback of field performance to be provided (as indicated in the DS) by the SO to the OFAM and to the SS.
The OFAM shall be able to demonstrate:
• a documented and audited manufacturing process, including the reliability qualification of purchased components, in accordance with ISO 9000:
• a performance qualification programme, including, for example, accelerated life testing, burn-in and screening of components and OFA devices and subsystems;
• a reliability qualification maintenance programme to ensure continuity of reliability performance;
• a procedure to ensure an appropriate feedback to development and production on reliability issues.
This can be achieved by means of reliability qualification approval of products, technology approval (TA) or capability approval (CA) of the manufacturing process.
NOTE A comprehensive reliability assurance programme is usually more complex and goes beyond the scope of this International Standard (see for example clause 5 and the ISO 9000 famIly of standards1).
4.2 Testing responsibilities
4.2.1 General
The OFAM is responsible for reliability testing.
The testing detailed in tables 1 to 4 is to be performed by either the OFAM or component
suppliers (CS5). Additional testing may be specified in the DS
4.2.2 Recommendation applicable to OFA customer (SS)
The SS is recommended to have a process to analyze and verify the results including failure analysis. This includes an independent test procedure of OFA devices and subsystems.
4.2.3 Recommendation applicable to SO
The SO is recommended to have a process to monitor and report field failure rates in sufficient detail to enable SS and OFAM to initiate any necessary corrective actions at an early stage in the lifetime of a product.
NOTE I Suppliers may have different approaches (to reliability qualification concepts) as the maturity of the product is developing, and resource limitations may dictate testing strategies.
NOTE 2 Tests and procedures alternative to those specified are permitted, provided the OFAMISSISO can show intent to remove end-product failure and the associated failure mechanisms, However, this requires significant data to substantiate compliance and demonstrate equivalence with tests and procedures herewith described.
4.3 Quality improvement programmes (QIPs)
Quality improvement programmes (QIPs) shall be initiated with component suppliers and customers, that is SO, SS, OFAM, to address non-compliances (including quality and reliability problems identified during subsequent service life of the optical amplifier). The correction of non-compliances and subsequent QIP are a required strategy to minimize reliability risks. The operation of QIPs should be stated in the QA (quality approval) generic and capability approval documents.
4.4 Tests
4.4.1 General
An OFA device or sub-system is an assembly of various parts and components of different nature. A main point in the reliability of the OFA device or sub-system is to ensure the reliability of each part and basic manufacturing process used. For the purpose of this International Standard, each internal part shall be seen as a black box.
This International Standard is based on the assumption that the reliability of an OA can be evaluated with sufficient confidence from the FIT rates of its internal black boxes when the assembly process of the constituents has been qualified.
The procedures to qualify the assembly process are described in 4.4.3.
The reliability assurance is confirmed by the test procedure described in 4.4.4 carried out on the OFA device or sub-system as a whole.
The basic parts usually constituting an OFA (internal black boxes) are listed below:
• Passive optical components
• Opto-electronic components
• Doped fibres or doped fibre modules
• Optical connectors
• Electronics
• Others (to be specified)
The OFAM shall declare the number and type of the internal black boxes constituting the OFA and give the failure rates (in failure in time (FIT)) for each of them.
The OFA failure rate shall be calculated by suitably combining the FIT-rates of its internal parts, as described in 4.5.2.