SAE J310 pdf download
SAE J310 pdf download.Automotive Lubricating Greases.
This SAE Recommended Practice was developed by SAE. and the section Standard Classification arid Specification for Service Greases cooperatively with ASTM, and NLGI. It is intended to assist those concerned with the design of automotive components, and with the selection and marketing of greases for the lubrication of certain of those components on passenger cars, trucks, and buses. The information contained herein will be helpful in understanding the terms related to properties, designations, and service applications of automotive greases.
2. References
2.1 Applicable Publications—The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.
2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS—Available from SAE. 400 Commonwealth Drive. Warrendale. PA 15096-0001
SAE AMS 321 7A—Standard Elastomer Stock – Test Slabs
SAE AMS 321 7/2A—Test Slabs, Acrylonitrile Butadiene (NBR-L) – Low Acrylonitrile. 65-75
SAE AMS 321 7/3B—Test Slabs, Chloroprene (CR) – 87-75
2.1.2 ASTM PuBLIcAIONS—Avadabte from ASTM. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
ASTM D 1 28—Analysis of Lubricating Grease
ASTM D 21 7—Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
ASTM D 566—Dropping Point of Lubricating Grease
ASTM D 942—Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Greases by the Oxygen Bomb Method
ASTM D 972—Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils
ASTM D 1 092—Apparent Viscosity of Lubncating Greases
ASTM D 1 263—t.eakage Tendencies of Automotive Wheel Bearing Greases
ASTM D 1264—Water Washout Characteristics of Lubricating Greases
ASTM D 1403—Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone Equment
• ASTM D 1404—Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles In Lubricating Grease
ASTM D 1 478—tow-Temperature Torque of Ball Bearing Greases
ASTM D 1 742—Oil Separation from Lubricating Grease During Storage
ASTM D I 743—Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases
ASTM D 1831—Roll Stability of Lubricating Grease
ASTM D 2265—Dropping Point of Lubricating Grease Over Wide-Temperature Range
5.4 MechanIcal Stability—The resistance of a grease to permanent changes In consistency due to the continuous application of shearing forces.
The stability of a grease is important to its ability to provide adequate lubrication and sealing and to remain properly in place during use.
5.5 Apparent Viscosity—The ratio of shear stress to rate of shear at a stated temperature and shear rate. Grease is by nature a plastic material. Therefore, the usual concept of viscosity valid for simple fluids (that is. internal resistance to flow) is not entirely applicable. The ratio of shear stress to shear rate varies as the shear rate changes. The apparent viscosity of most greases decreases with increase of either temperature or shear rate. Apparent viscosity greatly influences the ease of handling and dispensing a grease
5.6 Dropping Point—The temperature at which the grease generally passes from a plastic solid to a liquid state. and flows through an orifice under standard test conditions. The dropping point is incorrectly regarded by some as establishing the maximum temperature for acceptable use. Performance at high temperature also depends on other factors such as iration of exposure, evaporation resistance, and design of the lubricated mechanism.
5.7 Oxidation Resistance—The resistance to chemical deterioration in storage and in service caused by exposure to air. It depends basically on the stability of the individual grease components, and can be improved by use of antioxidants. Oxidation resistance is important wherever long storage or service life is required or where high temperatures prevail even for short periods.
5.8 Protection Against Friction and Wear—A protection greatly influenced by the viscosity and type of the fluid component and by grease structural and consistency characteristics. This performance characteristic can be altered by use of additives.
5.9 Protection Against Corrosion—A protection of ferrous components achieved primarily by the inclusion of suitable additives In the grease. The effectiveness of the protection is influenced also by the chemical and physical properties, such as interactions with other additives, consistency and base oil viscosity (both of which will determine how effectively the grease will seal out corrosive and other undesirable material), and the interaction with water. The effect of water on the grease can be significant. Some greases are water resistant or waterproof, which means that they resist the washing effect of water and do not absorb it to any significant extent. Other greases can abSorb varying amounts of water without appreciable damage to their structure or consistency, and may provide better rust protection man waterproof greases which can permit the accumulation of free water in bearings.
5.10 BleedIng or Oil Separation—The separation of liquid lubricant from a grease. Slight bleeding is regarded as desirable by some as indicative of good lubricating ability in rolling element bearings.
5.11 Color—A superficial grease property without performance significance.
5.12 Flow—There is, of course, the problem of getting grease to the bearings to be lubricated. Certain terms, by no means of strict, rigid interpretation, are used to describe the factors involved: feedability, pumpability, and dispensability.
5.12.1 FEEDABIUTYOe SIUMPABUIY—The ability to fiow to the suction of the grease-dispensing equipment or mechanism to be lubricated.
5.12.2 PUMPABILITY—The ability to flow through the grease-dispensing lines at a satisfactory rate, without the necessity of using excessively high pressure.
5.12.3 DISPENSABILITY—The ease with which a grease may be transferred from its container to the point of application. For practical purposes. it is a combination of feedability and pumpability.
